Cultural Dimensions by Geert Hofstede
The cultural dimensions model by Geert Hofstede is a framework that describes five dimensions of differences between national cultures. Earlier his ideas were based on large research project across subsidiaries of a multinational corporation in 64 countries, subsequently studies by other countries helped Geert Hofstede to validate five dimensions of culture differences. These dimensions can help the business person in understanding the differences within regions and cultures.
“Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster”->Dr. Geert Hofstede
The dimensions are:
Power distance index (PDI): it is the degree to which the less powerful members of institutions believe that power is distributed unequally. Inequality and power are the fundamental facts of society and almost all the societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others.
Individualism: in individualist cultures, people develop and display their individual personalities. Individualism is the degree to which individuals are isolated. Collectivism on the other side is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. The issue addressed by this dimension is also fundamental.
Masculinity (MAS): high MAS scores are found in countries where men are tough and strong. In a low MAS society, women and men work together equally. Men are allowed to be sensitive and women can work hard for professional success. The roles are simply blurred when MAS is low. Japan is highly masculine with a score of 95 and Sweden has the lowest MAS value that is 5. This dimension is also renamed as Quantity of life.
Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI): it focuses on the level of tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty in the society. High value of UAI indicates that the country has low tolerance. On the other hand low uncertainty avoidance indicates the country has less concern for uncertainty and has more tolerance for variety of opinions.
Long term orientation: it refers to how much society values long. Values associated with Short term orientation are fulfilling social obligations, respect for tradition and protecting ones face.
Written by: Matt
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Tagged as cultural adjustment, five dimensions of culture differences, Geert Hofstede, international business, leadership, management + Categorized as Economy articles, Human resources, Ladership & Management